電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈,有時稱為(wei)單極(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian),發生在(zai)處于電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿點之前(qian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上受(shou)壓狀態的氣體在(zai)尖端、邊緣或絲附近的高電(dian)(dian)(dian)場區,是湯森(sen)暗放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的一個特(te)征(zheng)現象。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周(zhou)圍產生暗輝光(guang),稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降比輝(hui)光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)(千伏數量(liang)級),但是放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較小(xiao)(微(wei)安數量(liang)級),往往發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)條件下(若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)分布(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻,放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又大(da),則發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)輝(hui)光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何形(xing)狀(zhuang)起重要(yao)作(zuo)用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻性把(ba)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離過程(cheng)局(ju)限(xian)于(yu)局(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)附(fu)近,特別(bie)是發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)曲率(lv)半徑很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)附(fu)近,氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)光(guang)也只發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)這個區(qu)域,稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離區(qu),或叫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)層或起暈(yun)(yun)(yun)層。形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度與氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類有很(hen)大(da)關系。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流強(qiang)度取決(jue)(jue)于(yu)加在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大(da)小(xiao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)狀(zhuang),極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)距離、氣(qi)體(ti)性質和(he)密度等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降不(bu)取決(jue)(jue)于(yu)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,而是取決(jue)(jue)于(yu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遷移區(qu)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離區(qu)之外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性取決(jue)(jue)于(yu)具(ju)有小(xiao)曲率(lv)半徑的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性,如(ru)果小(xiao)曲率(lv)半徑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位,發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)稱為正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun),反之為負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)。按所加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)類型可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分為直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun),交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)和(he)高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)。

電(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)原理(li)分析

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)很多重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業應用,但也有(you)(you)許(xu)多有(you)(you)害效應,因(yin)此(ci)我們需要(yao)從理(li)論上(shang)(shang)對其產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian),原理(li)進行了解。產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian):氣體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)高(一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)大(da)(da)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)以上(shang)(shang)),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)分布很不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻,并(bing)有(you)(you)幾千伏以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)加到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)。一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲率(lv)半(ban)徑很小,就會(hui)(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。因(yin)此(ci),細的(de)(de)(de)(de)尖端與平(ping)(ping)面(mian)、點與點、金(jin)屬(shu)絲與同(tong)(tong)軸(zhou)圓筒兩條(tiao)平(ping)(ping)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導線(xian)之間以及同(tong)(tong)軸(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜內部都(dou)會(hui)(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang),在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間都(dou)有(you)(you)可(ke)能形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)自持放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)(zai)具(ju)有(you)(you)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表面(mian)附近有(you)(you)強(qiang)(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)激發和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離,并(bing)伴有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)亮(liang)光，此(ci)處(chu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)層(ceng)(ceng)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)層(ceng)(ceng)外,由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)度低,不(bu)(bu)足以引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離,故呈(cheng)(cheng)現暗區，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)外區。產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)起暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)以下幾種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)形(xing)式(shi),它(ta)主要(yao)依(yi)賴于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),對于針一(yi)板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)經歷這(zhe)三個(ge)過程,如(ru)圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)初始階段,在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)針狀(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)加有(you)(you)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),這(zhe)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是空氣中的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間距(ju)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)厘米加上(shang)(shang)約2000V的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后,針尖便被(bei)薄(bo)薄(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發光的(de)(de)(de)(de)膜所(suo)(suo)覆蓋,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間僅有(you)(you)數(shu)微(wei)安的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)叫(jiao)輝光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(膜伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun))。增大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),發光部分向平(ping)(ping)均(jun)板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方向伸(shen)展,形(xing)成(cheng)刷狀(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是處(chu)于肉眼無法(fa)判斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)爍(shuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。再進一(yi)步增大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),從針尖伸(shen)展出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發光部分便會(hui)(hui)觸(chu)及平(ping)(ping)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),并(bing)分成(cheng)許(xu)多線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發光部分,它(ta)們均(jun)處(chu)于不(bu)(bu)停的(de)(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)爍(shuo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)流(liu)注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。繼續增大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)(hui)呈(cheng)(cheng)現出各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)態(tai),最終達到(dao)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)穩定(ding)流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)花(hua)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(sparkdis-charge)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。而對于同(tong)(tong)樣幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),起火(huo)形(xing)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)特里(li)切爾(Trichel)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),然后在(zai)(zai)同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下可(ke)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)無脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和火(huo)花(hua)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電暈放電的不同方式圖

( a）爆發式脈沖電(dian)暈;(b)流光電(dian)暈;(c)輝(hui)光電(dian)暈;(d)火花放(fang)電(dian);(e）特里(li)切爾(er)(Trichel)脈沖電(dian)暈;(f）無脈沖電(dian)暈;(g）火花放(fang)電(dian)。

交(jiao)流電(dian)暈則有不同放(fang)電(dian)形(xing)式和(he)發展方向(xiang),交(jiao)流放(fang)電(dian)是指(zhi)在(zai)交(jiao)變電(dian)壓條件(jian)下，曲(qu)率半徑大的電(dian)極附近交(jiao)替出現正電(dian)暈和(he)負電(dian)暈。它會產生無(wu)線電(dian)頻率的電(dian)磁波(bo)和(he)顯著(zhu)噪聲(sheng)。

不同的電暈放電類型(xing)對等離子體(ti)的產生(sheng)有(you)很大影響,有(you)必要探討電暈放電機理和特(te)點。

正、負(fu)電(dian)(dian)暈在本質上有很大(da)區別(bie),從其形貌就明(ming)顯表現出來。一(yi)(yi)般用湯森放電(dian)(dian)理論可(ke)以說明(ming)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)暈的(de)形成機理,認為在針狀陰極(ji)電(dian)(dian)暈發(fa)光區內(nei)存(cun)在較強的(de)電(dian)(dian)離(li)與激(ji)發(fa),電(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度(du)大(da),而負(fu)電(dian)(dian)暈的(de)外(wai)圍(wei)(wei)只存(cun)在單一(yi)(yi)的(de)帶(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)粒子(zi)。而正電(dian)(dian)暈通常用流(liu)柱理論解(jie)釋其物理過(guo)程,主要由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)暈層內(nei)強電(dian)(dian)場中激(ji)發(fa)粒子(zi)的(de)光輻射(she)產生電(dian)(dian)子(zi)即光致電(dian)(dian)離(li),所形成的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)在電(dian)(dian)暈層中引起(qi)雪(xue)崩放電(dian)(dian),產生大(da)量激(ji)發(fa)和(he)電(dian)(dian)離(li),最后(hou)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)被陽極(ji)收集(ji),正離(li)子(zi)經過(guo)電(dian)(dian)暈層,進入電(dian)(dian)暈外(wai)圍(wei)(wei)向陰極(ji)遷移。

標簽：電暈 、