電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)稱低頻(pin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是一種氣體在不均勻(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中(zhong)的局部(bu)自持放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

常見的(de)兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基本裝置如圖1.1所示，其(qi)中：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)＞15kV，頻率(lv)為20kHz~40kHz。外界大氣(qi)壓(ya)下，在曲(qu)率(lv)半徑很小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上加載高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位增加。在尖端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)周圍(wei)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中存在顯(xian)著的(de)空間不均勻(yun)性，導(dao)致該放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區域內的(de)場強高于氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離需要的(de)場強，誘發工作(zuo)氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離，引發的(de)氣(qi)體局部自持放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚至產生暈光(guang)。

圖 1 .1電(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)基本(ben)電(dian)極(ji)裝置  （H V—高壓(ya)電(dian)源； R—外電(dian)極(ji)半(ban)徑(jing)； r—內電(dian)極(ji)半(ban)徑(jing)） （ A ）針狀電(dian)極(ji)；（ B ）細線狀電(dian)極(ji)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)外形(xing)、施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大小以及用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)背景(jing)氣(qi)體(ti)種(zhong)類(lei)等均會影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)等離(li)子(zi)體(ti)性(xing)質。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)非均勻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)能(neng)量和(he)密度具有重要影響(xiang)，其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)影響(xiang)更(geng)為(wei)顯著。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)不(bu)均勻性(xing)把主(zhu)要的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)過程局限(xian)于(yu)局部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)很高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)附(fu)近，這個(ge)區域被稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈層或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)區域；在(zai)此外的(de)(de)區域，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)較(jiao)弱導(dao)致不(bu)發生(sheng)或(huo)(huo)很少發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)，主(zhu)要依靠正、負離(li)子(zi)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)遷移運動傳導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，此區域稱(cheng)為(wei)遷移區域或(huo)(huo)外圍(wei)區域。

電暈放電具有以下分類方(fang)式(shi)：

1）根據(ju)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的極(ji)性(xing)分為(wei)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和負電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)陽極(ji)發生正電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)陰極(ji)則發生負電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2）根據高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)來源和(he)頻率的(de)不同，電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)可分為(wei)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)、交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)和(he)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)：直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)通過(guo)直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)；交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)通過(guo)交變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)產生(sheng)的(de)一種電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)形式；脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)在高壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)作(zuo)用下實現(xian)的(de)局(ju)部(bu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)類型(xing)具有多種形式(shi)（圖(tu)1.2），對于針-板電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極產生的(de)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)，初(chu)始為(wei)爆發式(shi)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)不斷(duan)升(sheng)高，逐步(bu)轉變為(wei)流光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)、輝光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)和火(huo)花放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當產生負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)時(shi)，初(chu)始為(wei)特里奇脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)，繼而(er)轉化(hua)為(wei)無脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)和火(huo)花放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

圖 1 .2 電(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)形式(shi)  1.爆發(fa)式(shi)脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)暈； 2.流(liu)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)暈； 3.輝(hui)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)暈； 4.火花放電(dian)(dian)； 5.特里奇脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)暈； 6.無脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)暈

1. Burst pulse corona; 2. Steamer corona; 3. Glow corona; 4 spark; 5. Trichy pulse corona; 6. Pulsess corona

電暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電具有(you)價格低(di)廉，易(yi)于操(cao)作等優點(dian)，已被應用于微生物凈化、表(biao)面處(chu)理等領域(yu)。電暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電為弱電流放(fang)(fang)電，具有(you)放(fang)(fang)電效(xiao)率低(di)、分布不均且等離子(zi)體(ti)能量低(di)等特(te)點(dian)；同時，由于電暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)電需高強(qiang)度(du)電場，當施以高電壓時易(yi)造(zao)成氣體(ti)間隙擊(ji)穿，使放(fang)(fang)電向絲狀(zhuang)轉化，導致(zhi)被處(chu)理物料的損壞。

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