電(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)又稱低(di)頻放(fang)電(dian)，是一種氣體在不均勻電(dian)場中的局部自(zi)持放(fang)電(dian)。

常見的(de)(de)兩(liang)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)基本裝置如圖1.1所示(shi)，其中：電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)＞15kV，頻(pin)率為20kHz~40kHz。外界大氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)，在曲率半(ban)徑很小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上加(jia)載高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極端電(dian)(dian)(dian)位增加(jia)。在尖端電(dian)(dian)(dian)極周圍，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)中存在顯著的(de)(de)空間不均勻性(xing)，導致該(gai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)區域內的(de)(de)場(chang)強(qiang)高(gao)于氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離需要的(de)(de)場(chang)強(qiang)，誘發工作氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離，引發的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)局部自持放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，甚(shen)至產(chan)生暈(yun)光。

圖(tu) 1 .1電暈放電基本電極(ji)(ji)(ji)裝置  （H V—高(gao)壓(ya)電源(yuan)； R—外電極(ji)(ji)(ji)半徑； r—內電極(ji)(ji)(ji)半徑） （ A ）針狀(zhuang)電極(ji)(ji)(ji)；（ B ）細線狀(zhuang)電極(ji)(ji)(ji)

電(dian)極的(de)(de)外形、施(shi)加電(dian)壓(ya)大(da)小以及(ji)用于電(dian)離的(de)(de)背(bei)景氣體種類等均(jun)(jun)會影響(xiang)電(dian)暈放電(dian)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)等離子體性(xing)質。電(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)極所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)非均(jun)(jun)勻電(dian)場(chang)，對電(dian)子能量和(he)密度具(ju)有重要(yao)(yao)影響(xiang)，其中電(dian)極影響(xiang)更為(wei)(wei)顯著。電(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻性(xing)把主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)離過(guo)程局限(xian)于局部電(dian)場(chang)很高的(de)(de)電(dian)極附近，這(zhe)個區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)暈層(ceng)或(huo)電(dian)離區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)；在(zai)此外的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，由于電(dian)場(chang)較(jiao)弱導(dao)(dao)致不(bu)發生(sheng)或(huo)很少發生(sheng)電(dian)離，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)正(zheng)、負離子或(huo)電(dian)子的(de)(de)遷移(yi)運動傳導(dao)(dao)電(dian)流，此區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)遷移(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)或(huo)外圍(wei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。

電暈放電具有以下分類方式：

1）根據高壓電(dian)暈(yun)電(dian)極(ji)的極(ji)性分(fen)為正電(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)和(he)負電(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)。高壓電(dian)極(ji)陽極(ji)發生正電(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)，高壓電(dian)極(ji)陰(yin)極(ji)則(ze)發生負電(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)。

2）根據高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)來源(yuan)和頻率(lv)的(de)(de)不(bu)同，電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)可分為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)、交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)和脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)：直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是通過(guo)直流(liu)(liu)高壓(ya)產(chan)生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)；交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是通過(guo)交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)產(chan)生的(de)(de)一種電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)形式；脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)是在高壓(ya)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)作用下實現(xian)的(de)(de)局部放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)電類型具有多種形式（圖1.2），對于針-板電極(ji)產生(sheng)的(de)正電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，初(chu)始(shi)(shi)為(wei)爆發式脈(mo)沖電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，隨著電壓的(de)不斷(duan)升高，逐步轉變為(wei)流光電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)、輝光電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和火花放(fang)電；當產生(sheng)負電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)時，初(chu)始(shi)(shi)為(wei)特里奇脈(mo)沖電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，繼而轉化為(wei)無脈(mo)沖電暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和火花放(fang)電。

圖 1 .2 電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)放電(dian)(dian)形式(shi)  1.爆(bao)發式(shi)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)； 2.流(liu)光電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)； 3.輝光電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)； 4.火花放電(dian)(dian)； 5.特(te)里奇脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)； 6.無(wu)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)

1. Burst pulse corona; 2. Steamer corona; 3. Glow corona; 4 spark; 5. Trichy pulse corona; 6. Pulsess corona

電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有價(jia)格低(di)(di)廉，易(yi)于(yu)操作等優點，已被應用于(yu)微生物(wu)凈化、表(biao)面處理等領(ling)域。電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，具(ju)有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率低(di)(di)、分布不均且等離(li)子體(ti)能(neng)量低(di)(di)等特點；同時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需高強度電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，當施以高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時易(yi)造成(cheng)氣體(ti)間隙擊穿(chuan)，使放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)絲狀轉化，導(dao)致(zhi)被處理物(wu)料的損(sun)壞。

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