電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)兩端加上較(jiao)高但(dan)未達擊穿的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)表面附近(jin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場（局(ju)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場）很強，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)負極(ji)(ji)的(de)氣體(ti)介質（氣壓約為105Pa）被局(ju)部(bu)擊穿而產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生的(de)能量可通(tong)過光輻射(she)、中(zhong)性(xing)分(fen)子(zi)流和(he)離子(zi)流作(zuo)用在材(cai)料(liao)表面。混合等(deng)離子(zi)體(ti)的(de)各(ge)種粒(li)(li)子(zi)在高壓下被加速(su)，沿絕緣板方向運動。若在高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)和(he)接地極(ji)(ji)之間放(fang)置(zhi)高分(fen)子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)，粒(li)(li)子(zi)則(ze)會直接作(zuo)用于材(cai)料(liao)表面。此外，在粒(li)(li)子(zi)被加速(su)的(de)過程中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)可與空氣中(zhong)的(de)某些分(fen)子(zi)撞擊而形成臭氧和(he)氮氧化物，材(cai)料(liao)也因此產(chan)生游離基。

紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與人(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日常生(sheng)(sheng)活、工(gong)(gong)作息息相(xiang)關，當(dang)(dang)前，紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究對促進紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)推動作用(yong)。紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)最(zui)最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)及滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)。棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)作為紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原料(liao)(liao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，長(chang)期以來(lai)，棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)一直活躍在紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞臺(tai)。至(zhi)今，棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)仍然(ran)(ran)是紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主力軍，棉(mian)(mian)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)業每(mei)年(nian)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)占整(zheng)個紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)60%以上(shang)，棉(mian)(mian)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品在紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)業占據(ju)著其(qi)(qi)他產品無法(fa)取(qu)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。上(shang)世(shi)紀80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)，由于化纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，各種性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)化纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不斷涌現。棉(mian)(mian)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)因(yin)此受到較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊。但近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)，隨著人(ren)們(men)(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)平和(he)環境(jing)意識的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷提高(gao)，棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)以其(qi)(qi)穿著舒適性(xing)(xing)、可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)和(he)可生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)降(jiang)解(jie)性(xing)(xing)等(deng)優點(dian)而倍(bei)受人(ren)們(men)(men)青(qing)睞，將繼續(xu)發(fa)(fa)揮著其(qi)(qi)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)魅(mei)力。棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)是天然(ran)(ran)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)素纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)細長(chang)柔軟、耐強(qiang)堿、耐有(you)(you)機(ji)溶劑、耐漂(piao)白劑及隔熱耐熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良特(te)性(xing)(xing)，并且大(da)分子結構中(zhong)含有(you)(you)親(qin)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)基團。但棉(mian)(mian)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)面含較(jiao)多雜(za)質，尤其(qi)(qi)是表(biao)皮初生(sheng)(sheng)層存在果膠和(he)蠟質，使其(qi)(qi)一系列成紗(sha)、織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造、染色(se)、后整(zheng)理工(gong)(gong)序復雜(za)、污染嚴(yan)重、處理成本較(jiao)高(gao)。整(zheng)套(tao)工(gong)(gong)序下來(lai)將需(xu)大(da)量(liang)能量(liang)、水(shui)、化學試劑和(he)人(ren)力。滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)是當(dang)(dang)今合(he)成纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)產量(liang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品種之一，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)力、耐磨性(xing)(xing)和(he)尺(chi)寸(cun)穩定性(xing)(xing)均比較(jiao)好。滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)純(chun)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)挺(ting)括、抗(kang)褶皺、保(bao)形性(xing)(xing)好等(deng)優點(dian)，因(yin)此純(chun)滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)長(chang)絲織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)應(ying)用(yong)很(hen)廣泛。但由于滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)結晶度(du)高(gao)、分子結構高(gao)度(du)對稱等(deng)特(te)點(dian)導致其(qi)(qi)吸(xi)濕性(xing)(xing)差，滌(di)(di)綸(lun)(lun)紗(sha)線上(shang)漿困(kun)難等(deng)缺(que)點(dian)。

電暈放電產生的能量可通過光輻射、中性分子流和離子流作用在纖維材料表面，這些能量的作用是纖維材料表面改性的根本原因。高速運動的帶電粒子和中性粒子通過對材料的碰撞將其能量直接轉移到材料表面，產生加熱、刻蝕、形成自由基、聚合、結晶與交聯等一系列復雜的物理化學作用。電暈處理技術是對材料表面進行改性處理的一項新技術，它對材料表面改性的研究已經取得很大的進展，應用范圍也日益擴大。經電暈處理的高分子材料表面將引入羥基、羧基、環氧基、過氧化物等活性基團，這將有效地改善材料表面的潤濕、粘合等性能。

自50年代(dai)以來(lai)，電(dian)(dian)暈技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)材(cai)料(liao)表面(mian)(mian)改性方(fang)面(mian)(mian)取得長(chang)足(zu)的(de)發展(zhan),但人們研(yan)究的(de)對象大都集中在(zai)聚(ju)乙烯、聚(ju)丙烯、滌(di)綸、薄膜(mo)等材(cai)料(liao)上,對纖維(wei)或織(zhi)物(wu)的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)較少。近年來(lai)，電(dian)(dian)暈技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)紡(fang)織(zhi)中的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)越來(lai)越廣泛，人們已對電(dian)(dian)暈處(chu)理(li)(li)后滌(di)綸、羊毛表面(mian)(mian)結(jie)構和性能的(de)改變，電(dian)(dian)暈處(chu)理(li)(li)改善(shan)滌(di)綸織(zhi)物(wu)潤濕(shi)性能、羊毛織(zhi)物(wu)的(de)極光(guang)、羊毛電(dian)(dian)暈處(chu)理(li)(li)防氈縮等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)進行了研(yan)究，但對天然纖維(wei)素(su)纖維(wei)尤其是棉的(de)研(yan)究,特別是對織(zhi)物(wu)的(de)拒(ju)水整理(li)(li)、改善(shan)纖維(wei)的(de)染色性能以及(ji)退漿處(chu)理(li)(li)等綜合應(ying)(ying)用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)研(yan)究很少。電(dian)(dian)暈處(chu)理(li)(li)也僅(jin)在(zai)各(ge)種紡(fang)織(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)接枝和染整中有所研(yan)究和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，但還沒有真正研(yan)究出各(ge)條件(jian)對電(dian)(dian)暈處(chu)理(li)(li)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)影響及(ji)規律(lv)，以及(ji)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)到織(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)產過程中去。電(dian)(dian)暈技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)織(zhi)物(wu)生(sheng)產過程中的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)將是一項極具發展(zhan)前途的(de)清潔生(sheng)產技(ji)(ji)術。

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